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An Example
Let's assume you buy on trade credit from your supplier and an account payable is created. Your supplier wants full payment in 30 days, however, you are selling inventory very fast, sell
inventory a week later and are asking for full payment from your buyer in 7 days. You are now managing your conversion cycle. Consider, on day 1 you generate an accounts payable for 30 days from now. On day 7 you sell
inventory and generate an accounts receivable, which your buyer will pay for in 7 days. What is your conversion cycle in
case? -14 days, pretty good and you congratulate yourself. On day 15, after you receive payment, you are flush with cash and have a choice of reinvesting
money or paying your supplier. What action you take will probably depend on a lot of factors, but as your supplier has provided you interest free cash for another 2 weeks, you may want to use it for those two weeks to generate greater returns; maybe you have outstanding credit you can pay down, you can buy additional inventory, or you may just want to generate interest returns.
Now consider that you also provide your buyers 30 days to pay you. On day 1 you generate an accounts payable for 30 days from now. On day 7 you sell
inventory and generate an accounts receivable, which your buyer will pay for in 30 days. What is your conversion cycle in
case? 7 days, not as good. You now have 7 days in your cycle during which you have repaid your supplier but will not receive payment for another 7 days from your buyer. You either need extra cash on hand or a credit line to support you for those 7 days.
What does this mean in terms of cash flow and your bottom line? If you have $1 million in annual sales and your receivables are outstanding an average of 60 days, that means you have $164,383 in outstanding receivables. Everyday extra day
receivables are outstanding (e.g. 61 days vs. 60 days) represents an extra $2,740 that is not available to use elsewhere. If you need a credit line to support your receivables and you pay interest at 8% that represents $13,000 in annual interest charges (expenses) based on an average loan balance of $164,000.
So, as you can see,
management of
conversion cycle can have a large impact on
business's cash flow and profitability. The management of your cash conversion cycle could determine whether you require a lending facility or not, or whether you can meet financial obligations.

Jeff Schein is a CGA and offers consulting and advice in the areas of business planning, business modeling, strategic planning, business analysis and financial management for new ventures and growing small businesses. Visit www.companyworkshop.com or mailto:jeff@companyworkshop.com